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Download Desktop Capture For Windows. Download Now. Download Desktop Capture For Mac. New built-in streaming destination in vMix that streams directly to a web page built into the vMix Web Controller Can be viewed by most modern browsers and devices including laptops, PCs, smart phones and smart TVs that support HTML5 live streaming.
More Categories Up to 16 additional custom category tabs can be added each with its own name and colour. New Preset Bundles, optionally save presets in self contained vmixZip files which will contain media assets like titles, images and videos in a single file, allowing easy transport to new computers. Any missing files in a preset can now be located from within a single window.
NDI 5. New Output input simply adds the current main vMix Output 1 Program as an input for use elsewhere. This is handy for situations where a different source is needed for Outputs or for a Video Call, but with the Program feed still showing as a picture in picture. To add the Output input, click the arrow next to Add Input in the main vMix window and click the Output option.
NDI thumbnails can be optionally turned off via Settings When clicking Clear to clear recent items, only those selected will be cleared, if no items selected, all will be cleared as before. This is to ensure smoother transitions, however if you prefer the previous functionality this can be turned off via SlideShow Settings for the input. This now defaults to 2 seconds instead of 1 second in previous releases. MultiCorder now hides unsupported inputs by default. These inputs can still be shown manually if required by power users.
Video Delay input now defaults to using the vMix Video Codec as the save format as it is the most efficient option. Various replay bug fixes. Eight channel continuous recording of up to eight camera inputs including 4 channel audio High frame rate support for camera inputs and replay, up to fps where supported by both camera and capture card New Replay Recording format.
A and B output channels can be controlled independently or in sync and have any camera angle assigned to each Twenty 20 Event lists are available that can each include an unlimited number of Mark In and Mark Out points Event lists can now have custom names applied Export events to separate video files on the fly in either MP4 or vMix AVI format Dedicated Replay MultiView output with two playback channels shown alongside eight live camera previews.
Previews of the camera angles during event playback can also be optionally enabled. More Stingers and GT Stingers. Two new Stinger channels added GT title templates can be used with stingers automatically. A number of GT stinger title templates have been included which will work in all editions of vMix.
Input Layers. Input MultiView renamed to Layers to make it eaiser to use Existing shortcut functions remain, but new Layer shortcuts also added. Both are different names for the same functionality Basic borders can be added to each input layer. NDI 4. The latest NDI release is included in vMix Everything is FEIM.
New "Faulty Encoder Isolation Mode" for NDI separates each input into its own background application, so if an encoder causes a crash it will not impact vMix. This is an optionally enabled mode as it does increase CPU and memory usage and should only be enabled for problematic inputs.
New alert manager in Settings enables a large flashing red warning on screen when there is low audio or FTB enabled. This warning only shows to the operator and will not be visible to the audience of the recording or stream. Over new title templates, including titles, social and stingers New "Search" category added, allowing the display of certain inputs by a search term Web Browser input updated to Chromium V86 New SRT indicator at top right of vMix main window.
Red when connected, amber when no-connection or error SRT library updated to 1. Dynamic Inputs and Dynamic Values supported. Whatever is set with these functions can be recalled by typing in "DynamicValue" as the Value field, or selecting the Dynamic options in the Input dropdown Dynamic activators to see which inputs are selected in 1 of 4 dynamic input channels. These are lower quality, but lower file size recording options Data Sources and SRT outputs will no longer load automatically on startup.
They will now only load on opening of a preset. Improved compatibility with VST3 plugins that expect certain behavior when removing plugins Fixed Mix Input showing incorrect premultiplied alpha by default Fixed issue where streaming output could be set to a higher frame rate than the master frame rate leading to low bitrates and keyframe warnings on some streaming providers Production Clock did not support fractions in hour offset, this has now been corrected.
SRT - Secure Reliable Transport is a point to point protocol for fixed latency streams of an unreliable internet. More Audio Buses. A-B audio buses expanded to A-G for a total of 14 channels of audio 7x 2 channel pairs Audio buses can be routed to Master to use as groups by selecting the new M button in the audio mixer. SRT supports up to 8 channels audio in or out.
Magewell, AJA and Blackmagic devices support up to 8. Mix Input 4K and Pro only. Mix inputs support 're-entry' and can be used as Input MultiView sources without any additional latency. GT Text Bounding. This allows elements to match the size of the text with an optional padding value on each side..
Updated NDI support to latest 4. Add option to select either Output 1 or Output 2 for each stream through the Streaming Quality window.
Facebook can now be used alongside other destinations due to Facebook policy change Facebook scheduled streams can now be selected and created from within vMix Improved codec support for video playback including NDI MOV files with alpha channel Web Controller authentication support allows setting a password for each page Added ability to select a Row for each text field now in Data Sources Added 2x zoom option to Vectorscope Added Mixer and Lightcast streaming providers to Destination dropdown Added Unselect All option when opening a preset.
Updated Web Browser input to V77 of Chrome. Older versions still selectable from dropdown for compatibility. GT - Easy to use, high-performance, animated graphics. Four way ticker support: create custom tickers with top, bottom, left or right scroll directions. Spell check support added to built in vMix Title Editor. New Clock dropdown box in Title Editor provides built in presets to add common clock formats to a title.
MultiCorder 4K and Pro editions. Added support for recording Video Call sources in addition to Output Individual MultiCorder settings can be saved in each preset. High quality, fault tolerant, low CPU codec suitable for post production editing on Windows. Supported in both the Recorder and MultiCorder. Turns any input into a Virtual PZ camera with high quality, customisable digital zoom.
New MultiView Output layout options. Set the title bar either above or below the MultiView Output video previews. Updated NDI support to latest 3.
Stream Deck and Stream Deck mini support. Add the vMix plugin from the Stream Deck App store. Set buttons to live thumbnail previews via shortcuts, or colours via activators.
Joystick Z axis support Joystick pressure sensitive support. Support for AJA Kona 5. This refers to special memory shared between the CPU and GPU and can be used to identify potential performance problems when using a large number of inputs. Vimeo streaming provider now supports selecting a previous setup event to stream to. Rearranged image orders is now saved in the vMix preset. New cog buttons on Preview and Output to open up associated Input Settings.
Following protracted trials and community discussion, the English Wikipedia introduced the "pending changes" system in December Although changes are not systematically reviewed, the software that powers Wikipedia provides tools allowing anyone to review changes made by others.
Each article's History page links to each revision. Anyone can view the latest changes to articles, and anyone registered may maintain a "watchlist" of articles that interest them so they can be notified of changes. In , economics Ph. Any change or edit that manipulates content in a way that deliberately compromises Wikipedia's integrity is considered vandalism. The most common and obvious types of vandalism include additions of obscenities and crude humor; it can also include advertising and other types of spam.
Less common types of vandalism, such as the deliberate addition of plausible but false information, can be more difficult to detect. Vandals can introduce irrelevant formatting, modify page semantics such as the page's title or categorization, manipulate the article's underlying code, or use images disruptively. Obvious vandalism is generally easy to remove from Wikipedia articles; the median time to detect and fix it is a few minutes.
In the Seigenthaler biography incident , an anonymous editor introduced false information into the biography of American political figure John Seigenthaler in May , falsely presenting him as a suspect in the assassination of John F. Wales said he did not, although the perpetrator was eventually traced. In , Daniel Tosh encouraged viewers of his show, Tosh.
On a later episode, he commented on the edits to the article, most of them offensive, which had been made by the audience and had prompted the article to be locked from editing. Wikipedians often have disputes regarding content, which may result in repeated competing changes to an article, known as "edit warring". Content in Wikipedia is subject to the laws in particular, copyright laws of the United States and of the US state of Virginia , where the majority of Wikipedia's servers are located.
Beyond legal matters, the editorial principles of Wikipedia are embodied in the "Five pillars" and in numerous policies and guidelines intended to appropriately shape content. Originally, rules on the non-English editions of Wikipedia were based on a translation of the rules for the English Wikipedia.
They have since diverged to some extent. According to the rules on the English Wikipedia, each entry in Wikipedia must be about a topic that is encyclopedic and is not a dictionary entry or dictionary-style.
Further, Wikipedia intends to convey only knowledge that is already established and recognized. A claim that is likely to be challenged requires a reference to a reliable source, as do all quotations.
Among Wikipedia editors, this is often phrased as "verifiability, not truth" to express the idea that the readers, not the encyclopedia, are ultimately responsible for checking the truthfulness of the articles and making their own interpretations.
Wikipedia's initial anarchy integrated democratic and hierarchical elements over time. Editors in good standing in the community can request extra user rights , granting them the technical ability to perform certain special actions. In particular, editors can choose to run for " adminship ", [] [] which includes the ability to delete pages or prevent them from being changed in cases of severe vandalism or editorial disputes.
Administrators are not supposed to enjoy any special privilege in decision-making; instead, their powers are mostly limited to making edits that have project-wide effects and thus are disallowed to ordinary editors, and to implement restrictions intended to prevent disruptive editors from making unproductive edits.
By , fewer editors were becoming administrators compared to Wikipedia's earlier years, in part because the process of vetting potential administrators had become more rigorous. Over time, Wikipedia has developed a semiformal dispute resolution process. To determine community consensus, editors can raise issues at appropriate community forums, seek outside input through third opinion requests, or initiate a more general community discussion known as a "request for comment".
Wikipedia encourages local resolutions of conflicts, which Jemielniak argues is quite unique in organization studies, though there has been some recent interest in consensus building in the field. Joseph Reagle and Sue Gardner argue that the approaches to consensus building are similar to those used by Quakers. The Arbitration Committee presides over the ultimate dispute resolution process. Although disputes usually arise from a disagreement between two opposing views on how an article should read, the Arbitration Committee explicitly refuses to directly rule on the specific view that should be adopted.
Statistical analyses suggest that the committee ignores the content of disputes and rather focuses on the way disputes are conducted, [] functioning not so much to resolve disputes and make peace between conflicting editors, but to weed out problematic editors while allowing potentially productive editors back in to participate.
Therefore, the committee does not dictate the content of articles, although it sometimes condemns content changes when it deems the new content violates Wikipedia policies for example, if the new content is considered biased. When conduct is not impersonation or anti-social, but rather anti-consensus or in violation of editing policies, remedies tend to be limited to warnings. Each article and each user of Wikipedia has an associated and dedicated "talk" page. These form the primary communication channel for editors to discuss, coordinate and debate.
Wikipedia's community has been described as cultlike , [] although not always with entirely negative connotations. Wikipedians sometimes award one another "virtual barnstars" for good work. These personalized tokens of appreciation reveal a wide range of valued work extending far beyond simple editing to include social support, administrative actions, and types of articulation work. Wikipedia does not require that its editors and contributors provide identification.
The English Wikipedia has 6,, articles, 44,, registered editors, and , active editors. An editor is considered active if they have made one or more edits in the past 30 days. Editors who fail to comply with Wikipedia cultural rituals, such as signing talk page comments, may implicitly signal that they are Wikipedia outsiders, increasing the odds that Wikipedia insiders may target or discount their contributions.
Becoming a Wikipedia insider involves non-trivial costs: the contributor is expected to learn Wikipedia-specific technological codes, submit to a sometimes convoluted dispute resolution process, and learn a "baffling culture rich with in-jokes and insider references".
A study by researchers from Dartmouth College found that "anonymous and infrequent contributors to Wikipedia A study found that Wikipedians were less agreeable, open, and conscientious than others, [] [] although a later commentary pointed out serious flaws, including that the data showed higher openness and that the differences with the control group and the samples were small.
Several studies have shown that most Wikipedia contributors are male. Notably, the results of a Wikimedia Foundation survey in showed that only 13 percent of Wikipedia editors were female. Similarly, many of these universities, including Yale and Brown , gave college credit to students who create or edit an article relating to women in science or technology. Distribution of the 60,, articles in different language editions as of December 10, [].
There are currently language editions of Wikipedia also called language versions , or simply Wikipedias. The latter are both languages of the Philippines. In addition to the top six, twelve other Wikipedias have more than a million articles each Russian , Spanish , Italian , Egyptian Arabic , Polish , Japanese , Chinese , Vietnamese , Waray , Ukrainian , Arabic and Portuguese , seven more have over , articles Persian , Catalan , Serbian , Indonesian , Korean , Norwegian and Finnish , 44 more have over ,, and 82 more have over 10, Since Wikipedia is based on the Web and therefore worldwide, contributors to the same language edition may use different dialects or may come from different countries as is the case for the English edition.
These differences may lead to some conflicts over spelling differences e. Though the various language editions are held to global policies such as "neutral point of view", they diverge on some points of policy and practice, most notably on whether images that are not licensed freely may be used under a claim of fair use.
Jimmy Wales has described Wikipedia as "an effort to create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person on the planet in their own language". They are coordinated in part by Meta-Wiki, the Wikimedia Foundation's wiki devoted to maintaining all its projects Wikipedia and others.
It is not rare for articles strongly related to a particular language not to have counterparts in another edition.
For example, articles about small towns in the United States might be available only in English, even when they meet the notability criteria of other language Wikipedia projects. Translated articles represent only a small portion of articles in most editions, in part because those editions do not allow fully automated translation of articles.
Articles available in more than one language may offer "interwiki links", which link to the counterpart articles in other editions. A study published by PLOS One in also estimated the share of contributions to different editions of Wikipedia from different regions of the world.
On March 1, , The Economist , in an article titled "The Future of Wikipedia", cited a trend analysis concerning data published by the Wikimedia Foundation stating that "[t]he number of editors for the English-language version has fallen by a third in seven years. The Economist reported that the number of contributors with an average of five or more edits per month was relatively constant since for Wikipedia in other languages at approximately 42, editors within narrow seasonal variances of about 2, editors up or down.
The number of active editors in English Wikipedia, by sharp comparison, was cited as peaking in at approximately 50, and dropping to 30, by the start of In contrast, the trend analysis for Wikipedia in other languages non-English Wikipedia shows success in retaining active editors on a renewable and sustained basis, with their numbers remaining relatively constant at approximately 42, Various Wikipedians have criticized Wikipedia's large and growing regulation , which includes more than fifty policies and nearly , words as of Critics have stated that Wikipedia exhibits systemic bias.
In , columnist and journalist Edwin Black described Wikipedia as being a mixture of "truth, half-truth, and some falsehoods". Journalists Oliver Kamm and Edwin Black alleged in and respectively that articles are dominated by the loudest and most persistent voices, usually by a group with an "ax to grind" on the topic.
In , Omer Benjakob and Stephen Harrison noted that "Media coverage of Wikipedia has radically shifted over the past two decades: once cast as an intellectual frivolity, it is now lauded as the 'last bastion of shared reality' online.
In , libertarian John Stossel opined that Wikipedia, a site he financially supported at one time, appears to have gradually taken a significant turn in bias to the political left, specifically on political topics.
In , the Wikipedia Watch criticism website listed dozens of examples of plagiarism in the English Wikipedia.
As a consequence of the open structure, Wikipedia "makes no guarantee of validity" of its content, since no one is ultimately responsible for any claims appearing in it. Economist Tyler Cowen wrote: "If I had to guess whether Wikipedia or the median refereed journal article on economics was more likely to be true after a not so long think I would opt for Wikipedia.
However, he also cautions that errors are frequently found on Internet sites and that academics and experts must be vigilant in correcting them. Critics argue that Wikipedia's open nature and a lack of proper sources for most of the information makes it unreliable. Wikipedia's open structure inherently makes it an easy target for Internet trolls , spammers , and various forms of paid advocacy seen as counterproductive to the maintenance of a neutral and verifiable online encyclopedia.
Katherine Maher , the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation's chief communications officer, said the changes address a sentiment among volunteer editors that, 'we're not an advertising service; we're an encyclopedia. Legal Research in a Nutshell , cites Wikipedia as a "general source" that "can be a real boon" in "coming up to speed in the law governing a situation" and, "while not authoritative, can provide basic facts as well as leads to more in-depth resources".
Most university lecturers discourage students from citing any encyclopedia in academic work , preferring primary sources ; [] some specifically prohibit Wikipedia citations. In February , an article in The Harvard Crimson newspaper reported that a few of the professors at Harvard University were including Wikipedia articles in their syllabi , although without realizing the articles might change. In contrast, academic writing [ clarification needed ] in Wikipedia has evolved in recent years and has been found to increase student interest, personal connection to the product, creativity in material processing, and international collaboration in the learning process.
On March 5, , Julie Beck writing for The Atlantic magazine in an article titled "Doctors' 1 Source for Healthcare Information: Wikipedia", stated that "Fifty percent of physicians look up conditions on the Wikipedia site, and some are editing articles themselves to improve the quality of available information. Heilman, who has participated in that process before, says 'less than one percent' of Wikipedia's medical articles have passed.
Wikipedia seeks to create a summary of all human knowledge in the form of an online encyclopedia, with each topic covered encyclopedically in one article. Since it has terabytes of disk space, it can have far more topics than can be covered by any printed encyclopedia.
The "Wikipedia is not censored" policy has sometimes proved controversial: in , Wikipedia rejected an online petition against the inclusion of images of Muhammad in the English edition of its Muhammad article, citing this policy.
The presence of politically, religiously, and pornographically sensitive materials in Wikipedia has led to the censorship of Wikipedia by national authorities in China [] and Pakistan, [] amongst other countries. A study conducted by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and Palo Alto Research Center gave a distribution of topics as well as growth from July to January in each field: [].
These numbers refer only to the number of articles: it is possible for one topic to contain a large number of short articles and another to contain a small number of large ones.
Through its "Wikipedia Loves Libraries" program, Wikipedia has partnered with major public libraries such as the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts to expand its coverage of underrepresented subjects and articles. A study conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota indicated that male and female editors focus on different coverage topics.
There was a greater concentration of females in the "people and arts" category, while males focus more on "geography and science". Research conducted by Mark Graham of the Oxford Internet Institute in indicated that the geographic distribution of article topics is highly uneven.
Africa is the most underrepresented. An editorial in The Guardian in claimed that more effort went into providing references for a list of female porn actors than a list of women writers.
When multiple editors contribute to one topic or set of topics, systemic bias may arise, due to the demographic backgrounds of the editors. In , Wales claimed that the unevenness of coverage is a reflection of the demography of the editors, citing for example "biographies of famous women through history and issues surrounding early childcare".
Systemic bias on Wikipedia may follow that of culture generally, [ vague ] for example favoring certain nationalities, ethnicities or majority religions.
Biases, intrinsically, may include an overemphasis on topics such as pop culture, technology, and current events. Taha Yasseri of the University of Oxford , in , studied the statistical trends of systemic bias at Wikipedia introduced by editing conflicts and their resolution. Such a "mutually reverting edit pair" is defined where one editor reverts the edit of another editor who then, in sequence, returns to revert the first editor in the "mutually reverting edit pairs".
The results were tabulated for several language versions of Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia's three largest conflict rates belonged to the articles George W. Bush , anarchism , and Muhammad. Researchers from Washington University developed a statistical model to measure systematic bias in the behavior of Wikipedia's users regarding controversial topics. The authors focused on behavioral changes of the encyclopedia's administrators after assuming the post, writing that systematic bias occurred after the fact.
Wikipedia has been criticized for allowing information about graphic content. Articles depicting what some critics have called objectionable content such as feces , cadaver , human penis , vulva , and nudity contain graphic pictures and detailed information easily available to anyone with access to the internet, including children.
The site also includes sexual content such as images and videos of masturbation and ejaculation , illustrations of zoophilia , and photos from hardcore pornographic films in its articles. It also has non-sexual photographs of nude children. The Wikipedia article about Virgin Killer —a album from the German rock band Scorpions —features a picture of the album's original cover, which depicts a naked prepubescent girl. The original release cover caused controversy and was replaced in some countries.
In December , access to the Wikipedia article Virgin Killer was blocked for four days by most Internet service providers in the United Kingdom after the Internet Watch Foundation IWF decided the album cover was a potentially illegal indecent image and added the article's URL to a "blacklist" it supplies to British internet service providers.
In April , Sanger wrote a letter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, outlining his concerns that two categories of images on Wikimedia Commons contained child pornography, and were in violation of US federal obscenity law.
If we did, we would remove it. After some editors who volunteered to maintain the site argued that the decision to delete had been made hastily, Wales voluntarily gave up some of the powers he had held up to that time as part of his co-founder status. One privacy concern in the case of Wikipedia is the right of a private citizen to remain a "private citizen" rather than a " public figure " in the eyes of the law. A particular problem occurs in the case of a relatively unimportant individual and for whom there exists a Wikipedia page against her or his wishes.
In January , a German court ordered the German Wikipedia shut down within Germany because it stated the full name of Boris Floricic , aka "Tron", a deceased hacker. On February 9, , the injunction against Wikimedia Deutschland was overturned, with the court rejecting the notion that Tron's right to privacy or that of his parents was being violated.
Wikipedia has a " Volunteer Response Team " that uses Znuny, a free and open-source software fork of OTRS [] to handle queries without having to reveal the identities of the involved parties. This is used, for example, in confirming the permission for using individual images and other media in the project. Wikipedia was described in as harboring a battleground culture of sexism and harassment. The perceived toxic attitudes and tolerance of violent and abusive language were reasons put forth in for the gender gap in Wikipedia editorship.
Edit-a-thons have been held to encourage female editors and increase the coverage of women's topics. A comprehensive survey, published in , by Julia B. Bear of Stony Brook University 's College of Business and Benjamin Collier of Carnegie Mellon University found significant gender differences in: confidence in expertise, discomfort with editing, and response to critical feedback. Wikipedia is hosted and funded by the Wikimedia Foundation , a non-profit organization which also operates Wikipedia-related projects such as Wiktionary and Wikibooks.
The foundation relies on public contributions and grants to fund its mission. We are reinforcing that paid advocacy is not welcome. Following the departure of Tretikov from Wikipedia due to issues concerning the use of the "superprotection" feature which some language versions of Wikipedia have adopted, Katherine Maher became the third executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation in June Maher stated regarding the harassment issue that: "It establishes a sense within the community that this is a priority Maher served as executive director until April Wikipedia is also supported by many organizations and groups that are affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation but independently-run, called Wikimedia movement affiliates.
These affiliates participate in the promotion, development, and funding of Wikipedia. The Phase II software was repeatedly modified to accommodate the exponentially increasing demand. Several MediaWiki extensions are installed [] to extend the functionality of the MediaWiki software. Lucene was later replaced by CirrusSearch which is based on Elasticsearch. Computer programs called bots have often been used to perform simple and repetitive tasks, such as correcting common misspellings and stylistic issues, or to start articles such as geography entries in a standard format from statistical data.
An anti-vandal bot is programmed to detect and revert vandalism quickly. According to Andrew Lih , the current expansion of Wikipedia to millions of articles would be difficult to envision without the use of such bots. Wikipedia receives between 25, and 60,page requests per second, depending on the time of the day.
The web servers deliver pages as requested, performing page rendering for all the language editions of Wikipedia. To increase speed further, rendered pages are cached in a distributed memory cache until invalidated, allowing page rendering to be skipped entirely for most common page accesses. Wikipedia currently runs on dedicated clusters of Linux servers running the Debian operating system.
Following growing amounts of incoming donations exceeding seven digits in as recently reported, [50] the Foundation has reached a threshold of assets which qualify its consideration under the principles of industrial organization economics to indicate the need for the re-investment of donations into the internal research and development of the Foundation.
Community-produced news publications include the English Wikipedia 's The Signpost , founded in by Michael Snow, an attorney, Wikipedia administrator, and former chair of the Wikimedia Foundation board of trustees.
There are also several publications from the Wikimedia Foundation and multilingual publications such as Wikimedia Diff and This Month in Education. The Wikipedia Library is a resource for Wikipedia editors which provides free access to a wide range of digital publications , so that they can consult and cite these while editing the encyclopedia. When the project was started in , all text in Wikipedia was covered by the GNU Free Documentation License GFDL , a copyleft license permitting the redistribution, creation of derivative works, and commercial use of content while authors retain copyright of their work.
This made it a poor choice for a general reference work: for example, the GFDL requires the reprints of materials from Wikipedia to come with a full copy of the GFDL text. In December , the Creative Commons license was released: it was specifically designed for creative works in general, not just for software manuals.
The license gained popularity among bloggers and others distributing creative works on the Web. The Wikipedia project sought the switch to the Creative Commons. In April , Wikipedia and its sister projects held a community-wide referendum which decided the switch in June The handling of media files e. Some language editions, such as the English Wikipedia, include non-free image files under fair use doctrine, while the others have opted not to, in part because of the lack of fair use doctrines in their home countries e.
Media files covered by free content licenses e. Wikipedia's accommodation of varying international copyright laws regarding images has led some to observe that its photographic coverage of topics lags behind the quality of the encyclopedic text.
Because Wikipedia content is distributed under an open license, anyone can reuse or re-distribute it at no charge. The content of Wikipedia has been published in many forms, both online and offline, outside the Wikipedia website.
Obtaining the full contents of Wikipedia for reuse presents challenges, since direct cloning via a web crawler is discouraged. Several languages of Wikipedia also maintain a reference desk, where volunteers answer questions from the general public.
According to a study by Pnina Shachaf in the Journal of Documentation , the quality of the Wikipedia reference desk is comparable to a standard library reference desk , with an accuracy of 55 percent.
Wikipedia's original medium was for users to read and edit content using any standard web browser through a fixed Internet connection. And the shift to mobile editing has lagged even more.
One principal concern cited by The New York Times for the "worry" is for Wikipedia to effectively address attrition issues with the number of editors which the online encyclopedia attracts to edit and maintain its content in a mobile access environment.
Bloomberg Businessweek reported in July that Google's Android mobile apps have dominated the largest share of global smartphone shipments for with Directly after the posted web interview, the representatives stated that Wikimedia would be applying an all-inclusive approach to accommodate as many mobile access systems as possible in its efforts for expanding general mobile access, including BlackBerry and the Windows Phone system, making market share a secondary issue.
In June Wikipedia launched en. In a newer mobile service was officially released, [] located at en. Several other methods of mobile access to Wikipedia have emerged. Many devices and applications optimize or enhance the display of Wikipedia content for mobile devices, while some also incorporate additional features such as use of Wikipedia metadata , such as geoinformation.
Wikipedia Zero was an initiative of the Wikimedia Foundation to expand the reach of the encyclopedia to the developing countries. Andrew Lih and Andrew Brown both maintain editing Wikipedia with smartphones is difficult and this discourages new potential contributors. The number of Wikipedia editors has been declining after several years and Tom Simonite of MIT Technology Review claims the bureaucratic structure and rules are a factor in this.
Simonite alleges some Wikipedians use the labyrinthine rules and guidelines to dominate others and those editors have a vested interest in keeping the status quo. Lih fears for Wikipedia's long-term future while Brown fears problems with Wikipedia will remain and rival encyclopedias will not replace it. Access to the Chinese Wikipedia has been blocked in mainland China since May In , Quartz reported that the Chinese government had begun creating an unofficial version of Wikipedia.
However, unlike Wikipedia, the website's contents would only be editable by scholars from state-owned Chinese institutions. The article stated it had been approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in In —18, after a barrage of false news reports, both Facebook and YouTube announced they would rely on Wikipedia to help their users evaluate reports and reject false news.
Noam Cohen , writing in The Washington Post states, "YouTube's reliance on Wikipedia to set the record straight builds on the thinking of another fact-challenged platform, the Facebook social network, which announced last year that Wikipedia would help its users root out ' fake news '.
In February , The New York Times reported that Wikipedia was ranked fifth globally among all websites, stating "With 18 billion page views and nearly million unique visitors a month, Wikipedia trails just Yahoo, Facebook, Microsoft and Google, the largest with 1.
In addition to logistic growth in the number of its articles, [] Wikipedia has steadily gained status as a general reference website since its inception in According to "Wikipedia Readership Survey ", the average age of Wikipedia readers is 36, with a rough parity between genders.
Almost half of Wikipedia readers visit the site more than five times a month, and a similar number of readers specifically look for Wikipedia in search engine results.
About 47 percent of Wikipedia readers do not realize that Wikipedia is a non-profit organization. During the COVID pandemic , Wikipedia's coverage of the pandemic received international media attention, and brought an increase in Wikipedia readership overall. Wikipedia's content has also been used in academic studies, books, conferences, and court cases.
Wikipedia has also been used as a source in journalism, [] [] often without attribution, and several reporters have been dismissed for plagiarizing from Wikipedia. In , Time magazine recognized Wikipedia's participation along with YouTube , Reddit , MySpace , and Facebook [] in the rapid growth of online collaboration and interaction by millions of people worldwide. In July , Wikipedia was the focus of a minute documentary on BBC Radio 4 [] which argued that, with increased usage and awareness, the number of references to Wikipedia in popular culture is such that the word is one of a select group of 21st-century nouns that are so familiar Google , Facebook , YouTube that they no longer need explanation.
On September 28, , Italian politician Franco Grillini raised a parliamentary question with the minister of cultural resources and activities about the necessity of freedom of panorama.
He said that the lack of such freedom forced Wikipedia, "the seventh most consulted website", to forbid all images of modern Italian buildings and art, and claimed this was hugely damaging to tourist revenues.
On September 16, , The Washington Post reported that Wikipedia had become a focal point in the US election campaign , saying: "Type a candidate's name into Google, and among the first results is a Wikipedia page, making those entries arguably as important as any ad in defining a candidate. Already, the presidential entries are being edited, dissected and debated countless times each day. Active participation also has an impact.
Law students have been assigned to write Wikipedia articles as an exercise in clear and succinct writing for an uninitiated audience. A working group led by Peter Stone formed as a part of the Stanford -based project One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence in its report called Wikipedia "the best-known example of crowdsourcing In a opinion piece for Wired , Hossein Derakhshan describes Wikipedia as "one of the last remaining pillars of the open and decentralized web " and contrasted its existence as a text-based source of knowledge with social media and social networking services , the latter having "since colonized the web for television's values".
For Derakhshan, Wikipedia's goal as an encyclopedia represents the Age of Enlightenment tradition of rationality triumphing over emotions, a trend which he considers "endangered" due to the "gradual shift from a typographic culture to a photographic one, which in turn mean[s] a shift from rationality to emotions, exposition to entertainment".
Rather than " sapere aude " lit. This is while Wikipedia faces "a more concerning problem" than funding, namely "a flattening growth rate in the number of contributors to the website". Consequently, the challenge for Wikipedia and those who use it is to "save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge amid the conquest of new and old television—how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know.
Wikipedia won two major awards in May The second was a Judges' Webby Award for the "community" category. In , readers of brandchannel. The award was presented to Wales by David Weinberger. In , Wikipedia was awarded both the annual Erasmus Prize , which recognizes exceptional contributions to culture, society or social sciences, [] and the Spanish Princess of Asturias Award on International Cooperation. Many parodies target Wikipedia's openness and susceptibility to inserted inaccuracies, with characters vandalizing or modifying the online encyclopedia project's articles.
Comedian Stephen Colbert has parodied or referenced Wikipedia on numerous episodes of his show The Colbert Report and coined the related term wikiality , meaning "together we can create a reality that we all agree on—the reality we just agreed on". In an April episode of the American television comedy The Office , office manager Michael Scott is shown relying on a hypothetical Wikipedia article for information on negotiation tactics to assist him in negotiating lesser pay for an employee.
In , the comedy website CollegeHumor produced a video sketch named "Professor Wikipedia", in which the fictitious Professor Wikipedia instructs a class with a medley of unverifiable and occasionally absurd statements. The Dilbert comic strip from May 8, , features a character supporting an improbable claim by saying "Give me ten minutes and then check Wikipedia.
Some of the sketches were directly inspired by Wikipedia and its articles. On August 23, , the New Yorker website published a cartoon with this caption: "Dammit, Manning , have you considered the pronoun war that this is going to start on your Wikipedia page? In December , John Julius Norwich stated, in a letter published in The Times newspaper, that as a historian he resorted to Wikipedia "at least a dozen times a day", and had never yet caught it out.
He described it as "a work of reference as useful as any in existence", with so wide a range that it is almost impossible to find a person, place, or thing that it has left uncovered and that he could never have written his last two books without it.
Wikipedia has spawned several sister projects, which are also wikis run by the Wikimedia Foundation. These other Wikimedia projects include Wiktionary , a dictionary project launched in December , [] Wikiquote , a collection of quotations created a week after Wikimedia launched, Wikibooks , a collection of collaboratively written free textbooks and annotated texts, Wikimedia Commons , a site devoted to free-knowledge multimedia, Wikinews , for citizen journalism, and Wikiversity , a project for the creation of free learning materials and the provision of online learning activities.
In Wikivoyage , an editable travel guide, and Wikidata , an editable knowledge base, launched. The most obvious economic effect of Wikipedia has been the death of commercial encyclopedias, especially the printed versions, e. Carr wrote: "Implicit in the ecstatic visions of Web 2. I for one can't imagine anything more frightening. For instance, Chris Anderson , the editor-in-chief of Wired Magazine , wrote in Nature that the " wisdom of crowds " approach of Wikipedia will not displace top scientific journals , with their rigorous peer review process.
There is also an ongoing debate about the influence of Wikipedia on the biography publishing business. Wikipedia has been widely used as a corpus for linguistic research in computational linguistics , information retrieval and natural language processing.
In particular, it commonly serves as a target knowledge base for the entity linking problem, which is then called "wikification", [] and to the related problem of word-sense disambiguation. A MIT study suggests that words used on Wikipedia articles end up in scientific publications. Studies related to Wikipedia have been using machine learning and artificial intelligence to support various operations.
One of the most important areas—automatic detection of vandalism [] [] and data quality assessment in Wikipedia. In February , civil servants from the UK's Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities were found to have used Wikipedia for research in the drafting of the Levelling Up White Paper after journalists at The Independent noted that parts of the document had been lifted directly from Wikipedia articles on Constantinople and the list of largest cities throughout history.
Several interactive multimedia encyclopedias incorporating entries written by the public existed long before Wikipedia was founded. This was the first interactive multimedia encyclopedia and was also the first major multimedia document connected through internal links , with the majority of articles being accessible through an interactive map of the UK.
The user interface and part of the content of the Domesday Project were emulated on a website until Several free-content, collaborative encyclopedias were created around the same period as Wikipedia e. Everything2 , [] with many later being merged into the project e.
The h2g2 encyclopedia is relatively lighthearted, focusing on articles which are both witty and informative. Subsequent collaborative knowledge websites have drawn inspiration from Wikipedia. Others use more traditional peer review , such as Encyclopedia of Life and the online wiki encyclopedias Scholarpedia and Citizendium. The latter was started by Sanger in an attempt to create a reliable alternative to Wikipedia. See also: Logic machines in fiction and List of fictional computers.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Free multilingual online encyclopedia. This article is about the online encyclopedia. For Wikipedia's home page, see Main Page. For other uses, see Wikipedia disambiguation. The logo of Wikipedia , a globe featuring glyphs from various writing systems. Wikipedia's desktop homepage. Wikimedia Foundation. Jimmy Wales Larry Sanger [1].
Main article: History of Wikipedia. Main article: Nupedia. Wikipedia founders Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Number of English Wikipedia articles [32]. Main article: Vandalism on Wikipedia. For the Wikipedia policy, see Wikipedia:Five pillars. Further information: Wikipedia:Administration. Main article: Arbitration Committee. Main article: Wikipedia community. Main article: List of Wikipedias. Cebuano German 4. Swedish 4. French 4. Dutch 3.
Russian 3. Egyptian Arabic 2. Polish 2. Japanese 2. Chinese 2. Vietnamese 2. Waray 2. Other English 6,, Cebuano 6,, German 2,, Swedish 2,, French 2,, Dutch 2,, Russian 1,, Spanish 1,, Italian 1,, Egyptian Arabic 1,, Polish 1,, Japanese 1,, Chinese 1,, Vietnamese 1,, Waray 1,, Ukrainian 1,, Arabic 1,, Portuguese 1,, Persian , Catalan , See also: Academic studies about Wikipedia and Criticism of Wikipedia. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
March Main article: Reliability of Wikipedia. December See also: Health information on Wikipedia. For the government censorship of Wikipedia, see Censorship of Wikipedia. For Wikipedia's policy concerning censorship, see Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not censored. Main article: Gender bias on Wikipedia. Main article: Racial bias on Wikipedia. Main article: Wikimedia Foundation. See also: MediaWiki. Main article: Wikipedia bots. See also: Help:Mobile access. Main article: Wikipedia in culture.
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As a community, far from being elitist, it is anti-elitist which, in this context, means that expertise is not accorded any special respect, and snubs and disrespect of expertise are tolerated. This is one of my failures: a policy that I attempted to institute in Wikipedia's first year, but for which I did not muster adequate support, was the policy of respecting and deferring politely to experts.
Those who were there will, I hope, remember that I tried very hard. Articulations of wikiwork: uncovering valued work in Wikipedia through barnstars. Proceedings of the ACM. Subscription required. Archived from the original PDF on November 22, Retrieved January 31,
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